MEDICAL PAGE

Click on A Topic:

Facts, Myths, and Propaganda Over the Debate on Depleted Uranium by Dan Fahey

United Spinal Association NewsLetter

How Candidates Address Veterans' Medical Issues

Sarin, Depleted Uranium, and PTSD

For Visually Impaired Veterans

Women in the Military: PTSD

 


Subclinical Doses of the Nerve Gas Sarin Impair T Cell Responses through the Autonomic Nervous System

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology   October 2002, vol. 184, no. 2,   pp. 82-87(6)

Kalra R.; Singh S.P.; Razani-Boroujerdi S.; Langley R.J.; Blackwell W.B.; Henderson R.F.; Sopori M.L.

Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108

Abstract:
The nerve gas sarin is a potent cholinergic agent, and exposure to high doses may cause neurotoxicity and death. Subclinical exposures to sarin have been postulated to contribute to the Gulf War syndrome; however, the biological effects of subclinical exposure are largely unknown. In this communication, evidence shows that subclinical doses (0.2 and 0.4 mg/m3) of sarin administered by inhalation to F344 rats for 1 h/day for 5 or 10 days inhibited the anti-sheep red blood cell antibody-forming cell response of spleen cells without affecting the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen. Moreover, sarin suppressed T cell responses, including the concanavalin A (Con A) and the anti--T cell receptor (TCR) antibody-induced T cell proliferation and the rise in the intracellular calcium following TCR ligation. These concentrations of sarin altered regional but not total brain acetylcholinesterase activity. Interestingly, serum corticosterone levels of the sarin-treated animals were dramatically lower than the control animals, indicating that sarin-induced immunosuppression did not result from the activation of the hypothalamus—pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Pretreatment of animals with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine abrogated the inhibitory effects of sarin on spleen cell proliferation in response to Con A and anti-TCR antibodies. These results suggest that the effects of sarin on T cell responsiveness are mediated via the autonomic nervous system and are independent of the HPA axis. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).



Keywords: organophosphates; cholinergic agents; neuroimmune modulation; glucocorticoids; T cell mitogenesis

Language: English Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0041-008X

DOI (article): 10.1006/taap.2002.9497
SICI (online): 0041-008X18428287


A review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal development

Toxicology and Industrial Health   1 May 2001, vol. 17, no. 5-10,   pp. 180-191(12)

Arfsten D.P.[1]; Still K.R.[1]; Ritchie G.D.[2]

[1] Naval Health Research Center Detachment-Toxicology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), Ohio 45433-7903, USA [2] Geo-Centers, Inc., WPAFB, Ohio 45433-7903, USA

Abstract:
Depleted uranium (DU) is used in armor-penetrating munitions, military vehicle armor, and aircraft, ship and missile counterweighting/ballasting, as well as in a number of other military and commercial applications. Recent combat applications of DU alloy [i.e., Persian Gulf War (PGW) and Kosovo peacekeeping objective] resulted in human acute exposure to DU dust, vapor or aerosol, as well as chronic exposure from tissue embedding of DU shrapnel fragments. DU alloy is 99.8% 238Uranium, and emits approximately 60% of the alpha, beta, and gamma radiation found in natural uranium (4.05×10-7 Ci/g DU alloy). DU is a heavy metal that is 160% more dense than lead and can remain within the body for many years and slowly solubilize. High levels of urinary uranium have been measured in PGW veterans 10 years after exposure to DU fragments and vapors. In rats, there is strong evidence of DU accumulation in tissues including testes, bone, kidneys, and brain. In vitro tests indicate that DU alloy may be both genotoxic and mutagenic, whereas a recent in vivo study suggests that tissue-embedded DU alloy may be carcinogenic in rats. There is limited available data for reproductive and teratological deficits from exposure to uranium per se, typically from oral, respiratory, or dermal exposure routes. Alternatively, there is no data available on the reproductive effects of DU embedded. This paper reviews published studies of reproductive toxicity in humans and animals from uranium or DU exposure, and discusses ongoing animal research to evaluate reproductive effects in male and female rats embedded with DU fragments, and possible consequences in F1 and F2 generations.

Keywords: DEPLETED URANIUM AND URANIUM; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY; TERATOGENESIS; RODENTS; MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY; REVIEW

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0748-2337

DOI (article): 10.1191/0748233701th111oa
SICI (online): 0748-2337(20010501)17:5L.180;1-

The Influence of Sarin on Various Physiological Functions in Rats Following Single or Repeated Low-Level Inhalation Exposure

Inhalation Toxicology   July 2004, vol. 16, no. 8,   pp. 517-530(14)

Kassa J.[1]; Krejová G.[1]; Skopec F.[2]; Herink J.[3]; Bajgar J.[3]; evelová L.[3]; Tichý M.[3]; Pecka M.[3]

[1] Department of Toxicology, Purkyn Military Medical Academy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic [2] Radioisotope Laboratory, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic [3] Department of Military Internal Medicine, Purkyn Military Medical Academy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

Abstract:
Long-term effects of low doses of highly toxic organophosphorus agent sarin on various hematological and biochemical markers and physiological functions were studied in rats exposed to sarin by inhalation. The results indicate that low-level sarin-exposed rats show long-term increase in studied markers of stress and decrease in synthesis of DNA de novo without the disturbance of the functions of cholinergic nervous system. Moreover, sarin at low doses is able to induce some neurotoxic effects including an increase in the excitability of central nervous system in rats at 3 mo following inhalation exposure. Relatively long-term spatial discrimination impairments in rats exposed to low-level sarin was demonstrated too. Therefore, nerve agents such as sarin seem to be harmful not only at high, clinically symptomatic doses but also at low doses without acute clinical manifestation of overtimulation of cholinergic nervous system because of long-term manifestation of alteration of neurophysiological and neurobehavioral functions in sarin-exposed rats.

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0895-8378

DOI (article): 10.1080/08958370490442494
SICI (online): 0895-8378(20040701)16:8L.517;1-


The Alteration of Immune Reactions in Inbred BALB/c Mice Following Low-Level Sarin Inhalation Exposure

Inhalation Toxicology   July 2004, vol. 16, no. 8,   pp. 509-515(7)

Kassa J.[1]; Kroová Z.[2]; evelová L.[1]; Sheshko V.[2]; Kasalová I.[2]; Neubauerová V.[2]

[1] Department of Toxicology, Purkyn Military Medical Academy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic [2] Institute of Molecular Pathology, Purkyn Military Medical Academy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

Abstract:
To study the influence of low-level sarin inhalation exposure on immune functions, inbred BALB/c mice were exposed to low concentrations of sarin for 60 min in the inhalation chamber. The evaluation of immune functions was carried out using phenotyping of CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD4 (helper T lymphocytes), CD8 (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), and CD19 cells (B lymphocytes) in the lungs, blood, and spleen, lymphoproliferation of spleen cells stimulated in vitro by various mitogens (concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharides), phagocyte activity of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, production of N-oxides by peritoneal macrophages, and the measurement of the natural killer cell activity at 1 wk following sarin exposure. The results were compared to the values obtained from control mice exposed to pure air instead of sarin. The results indicate that low doses of sarin are able to alter the reaction of immune system at one week following exposure to sarin. While the numbers of CD3 cells in the lungs, blood, and spleen were slightly decreased, an increase in CD19 cells was observed, especially in the lungs and blood. The reduced proportion of T lymphocytes is caused by decay of CD4-positive T cells. Lymphoproliferation was significantly decreased regardless of the mitogen and sarin concentration used. The production of N-oxides by peritoneal macrophages was stimulated after exposure to the highest dose of sarin, whereas their ability to phagocytize the microbes was increased after exposure to the lowest dose of sarin. The natural killer cell activity was significantly higher in the case of inhalation exposure of mice to the highest level of sarin. Thus, not only organophosphorus insecticides but also nerve agents such as sarin are able to alter immune functions even at a dose that does not cause clinically manifested disruption of cholinergic nervous system in the case of inhalation exposure. Nevertheless, the alteration of immune functions following the inhalation exposure to a symptomatic concentration of sarin seems to be more pronounced.

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0895-8378

DOI (article): 10.1080/08958370490442476
SICI (online): 0895-8378(20040701)16:8L.509;1-

Army studies mental health of Iraq troops

Army studies mental health of Iraq troops

http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/health/aphealth_story.asp?category=1500&slug=Military%20Mental%20Health&searchdiff=0&searchpagefrom=1
The Influence of Single or Repeated Low-Level Sarin Exposure on Immune Functions of Inbred BALB/c Mice

Pharmacology & Toxicology   March 2004, vol. 94, no. 3,   pp. 139-143(5)

Kassa J.; Kroová Z.[1]; evelová L.[1]; Sheshko V.[1]; Kasalová I.[1]; Neubauerová V.[1]

[1] Purkyn Military Medical Academy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic

Abstract:
:

To study the influence of single or repeated low-level sarin inhalation exposure on immune functions, inbred BALB/c mice were exposed to low clinically asymptomatic concentrations of sarin for 60 min. in the inhalation chamber. The evaluation of immune functions was carried out using phenotyping of CD3 (T-lymphocytes), CD4 (helper T-lymphocytes), CD8 (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) and CD19 cells (B-lymphocytes) in the lungs, blood and spleen, lymphoproliferation of spleen cells stimulated in vitro by various mitogens (concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharides), phagocyte activity of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, production of N-oxides by peritoneal macrophages and the measurement of the natural killer cell activity at one week after sarin exposure. The results were compared to the values obtained from control mice exposed to pure air instead of sarin. The results indicate that an asymptomatic dose of sarin is able to alter the reaction of the immune system at one week after exposure to sarin. While the number of CD3 cells in lung was significantly decreased, a slight increase in CD19 cells was observed especially in the lungs after a single sarin inhalation exposure. Lymphoproliferation was significantly decreased regardless of the mitogen and sarin concentration used and the number of low-level sarin exposures. The ability of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages to phagocyte the microbes was also decreased regardless of the number of low-level sarin exposures. The production of N-oxides by peritoneal macrophages was decreased following a single low-level sarin exposure but increased following repeated low-level sarin inhalation exposure. Nevertheless, the changes in the production of N-oxides that reflects a bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages was not significant. The natural killer cell activity was significantly higher in the case of inhalation exposure of mice to low concentration of sarin regardless of the number of exposures. Thus, not only organophosphorous insecticides but also nerve agents such as sarin are able to alter immune functions following a single inhalation exposure even at a dose that does not cause clinically manifested intoxication. Generally, the repeated exposure to low concentrations of sarin does not increase the alteration of immune functions compared to the single low-level sarin exposure with the exception of phagocyte activity of alveolar macrophages and natural killer cell activity.

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0901-9928

DOI (article): 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2004.pto940307.x
SICI (online): 0901-9928(20040301)94:3L.139;1-




Development of a Guinea Pig Model for Low-Dose, Long-Term Exposure to Organophosphorus Nerve Agents

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods   May-June 2004, vol. 14, no. 3,   pp. 183-194(12)

Atchison C.R.[1]; Sheridan R.E.[1]; Duniho S.M.[2]; Shih T-M.[1]

[1] Neurotoxicology Branch, Pharmacology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA [2] Comparative Pathology Branch, Comparative Medicine Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA

Abstract:
An animal dosing model and related maximum tolerated dose (MTD) were developed for repeated exposures in guinea pigs to three organophosphorus chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNA). Male animals were injected subcutaneously with sarin (GB), soman (GD) or VX once a day (Monday through Friday) for 2-, 4-, or 13-weeks. An initial 13-week study for each CWNA employed doses of vehicle (normal saline), 0.2x, 0.4x, 0.6x, and 0.8x the previously established acute LD50. A 2-week and 4-week exposure were also performed for each agent at doses less than the 13-week MTD to verify lack of toxicity. Animals dosed daily for 13 weeks with 0.4x LD50 of GB or GD or with 0.2x LD50 of VX did not display signs of acute cholinergic toxicity. In animals dosed daily for either 2- or 4-weeks, the MTDs were 0.4x the acute LD50 for all three CWNA. There were no differences among these groups and their respective vehicle controls for weight gains, body temperature, complete blood cell counts, blood chemistries, nor by histopathology. At the MTD in all groups, red blood cell cholinesterase activity one hour after the last exposure was inhibited up to 90% compared with controls. The toxicity observed with repeated doses above the MTD for up to chronic exposure durations was not significantly different from symptoms observed after acute exposure. For all three nerve agents the MTDs for subacute exposure durations can be expressed by the same constant fraction of the acute LD50, despite differences in the absolute amount of nerve agent administered.

Keywords: Guinea Pig; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; VX

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 1537-6516

DOI (article): 10.1080/15376520490429166
SICI (online): 1537-6516(20040501)14:3L.183;1-






Inhalation Toxicity of Cyclosarin (GF) Vapor in Rats as a Function of Exposure Concentration and Duration: Potency Comparison to Sarin (GB)

Inhalation Toxicology   February 2004, vol. 16, no. 2,   pp. 103-111(9)

Anthony J.S.[1]; Haley M.[1]; Manthei J.[1]; Way R.[1]; Burnett D.[1]; Gaviola B.[1]; Sommerville D.[1]; Crosier R.[1]; Mioduszewski R.[1]; Thomson S.[1]; Crouse C.[2]; Matson K.[2]

[1] U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA [2] Geo-Centers, Inc., Abingdon, Maryland, USA

Abstract:
The inhalation toxicity of cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GF) was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed by whole body in a dynamic 750-L chamber. The objectives of this study were to (1) generate GF vapor in a dynamic inhalation chamber system, starting in the lethal to near-lethal concentration range, (2) examine dose-response effects of inhaled GF vapor and analyze the relationship between concentration (C) and exposure duration (T) in determining probability of lethality, and (3) establish a lethal potency ratio between GF and the more volatile agent Sarin (GB). Using a syringe pump, GF vapor concentrations were generated for exposure times of 10, 60, and 240 min. Dose-response curves with associated slopes were determined for each exposure duration by the Bliss probit method. GF vapor exposures were associated with sublethal clinical signs such as tremors, convulsions, salivation, and miosis. Concentration-exposure time values for lethality in 50% of the exposed population (LCT50) were calculated for 24-h and 14-day postexposure periods for 10-, 60-, and 240-min exposures. In general, LCT50 values were lower in female rats than males and increased with exposure duration; that is, CT was not constant over time. The GF LCT50 values for female rats were 253 mg min/m3 at 10 min, 334 mg min/m3 at 60 min, and 533 mg min/m3 at 240 min, while the values for males were 371, 396, and 585 mg min/m3, respectively. The GB LCT50 values for female rats were 235 mg min/m3 at 10 min, 355 mg min/m3 at 60 min, and 840 mg min/m3 at 240 min, while the values for males were 316, 433, and 1296 mg min/m3, respectively. At longer exposure durations, the LCT50 for GF was less than that found for GB but at shorter exposure durations, the LCT50 for GF was more than that found for GB. Empirical models, consisting of the toxic load model plus higher order terms, were developed and successfully fit to the data.

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 0895-8378

DOI (article): NO_DOI
SICI (online): 0895-8378(20040201)16:2L.103;1-




Estimation of the Upper Limit of Human Butyrylcholinesterase Dose Required for Protection against Organophosphates Toxicity: a Mathematically Based Toxicokinetic Model

Toxicological Sciences   February 2004, vol. 77, no. 2,   pp. 358-367(10)

Ashani Y.[1]; Pistinner S.[1]

[1] Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel

Abstract:
Human butyrylcholinesterase (HuBChE) is a drug candidate for protection against organophosphates (OP) intoxication. A mathematically based model was validated and employed to better understand the role of the endogenous HuBChE in detoxification of OPs and to estimate the dose of exogenous HuBChE required for enhancing protection of humans from lethal exposure to OPs. The model addresses the relationship between the HuBChE dose needed to maintain a certain residual activity of human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) and the following parameters: (1) level and duration of exposure, (2) bimolecular rate constants of inhibition of HuAChE (kA) and HuBChE (kB) by OPs, and (3) time elapsed from enzyme load. The equation derived for the calculation of HuBChE dose requires the knowledge of kA/kB in human blood and the rate constant of HuBChE elimination. Predictions of HuBChE doses were validated by in vitro experiments and data of published human studies. These predictions highlight two parameters that are likely to decrease the calculated dose: (1) the rapid consumption of the less toxic isomers of OPs in human plasma, and (2) the volume of distribution of HuBChE that appears significantly greater than the volume of plasma. The first part of the analysis of the proposed model was focused on acute bolus exposures and suggests that upper limit doses of 134, 115, and 249 mg/70 kg are sufficient to protect RBC AChE above 30% of baseline activity following a challenge with 1 LD<inf>50</inf> VX, soman, and sarin, respectively. The principles of the validated model should be applicable for advanced predictions of HuBChE dose for protection against continuous exposures to OPs.

Keywords: human; acetylcholinesterase; butyrylcholinesterase; organophosphates; theoretical model; inhibition

Document Type: Research article ISSN: 1096-6080

DOI (article): 10.1093/toxsci/kfh012
SICI (online): 1096-6080(20040201)77:2L.358;1-


Standardless screening of chemical warfare agents based on gas chromatographic data

Journal of Chromatography B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences   5 February 2004, vol. 800, no. 1,   pp. 291-294(4)

Lekomtsev A.S.[1]; Vekhter E.P.

[1]Chemistry Department, Research Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology and Occupational Pathology (RIHTOP), Zemljachky st. 12, 400048 , Volgograd, Russia

Keywords: Retention parameters; Thermodynamic parameters; Sarin; Soman; Sulfur mustard

Language: English Document Type: Short communication ISSN: 1570-0232

DOI (article): 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.10.020
SICI (online): 1570-02328001291294

Express analysis of explosives, chemical warfare agents and drugs with multicapillary column gas chromatography and ion mobility increment spectrometry

Journal of Chromatography B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences   5 February 2004, vol. 800, no. 1,   pp. 75-82(8)

Buryakov I.A.

Keywords: Ion mobility increment spectrometry; Explosives; Chemical warfare agents; Heroin; Cocaine; Crack

Language: English Document Type: Research article ISSN: 1570-0232

DOI (article): 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.10.064
SICI (online): 1570-023280017582




Publisher: Elsevier Science

13.  A Comparison of the Ability of a New Bispyridinium Oxime--1-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-4-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)butane Dibromide and Currently used Oximes to Reactivate Nerve Agent-inhibited Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase by In Vitro Methods
Kua K.; Kassa J.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, December 2003, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 529-535(7)
Taylor and Francis Ltd
Web Bug
       
 
14.  Hepatic dysfunction in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
Rangari M.; Gupta R.; Jain M.; Malhotra V.; Sarin S.K.
Liver International, December 2003, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 434-439(6)
Blackwell Publishing
Web Bug
       
 
15.  Anticholinesterase Mechanism as a Factor of Immunotoxicity of Various Chemical Compounds
Zabrodskii P.F.; Germanchuk V.G.; Kirichuk V.F.; Nodel' M.L.; Aredakov A.N.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 200308, vol. 136, no. 2, pp. 176-178(3)
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Web Bug
       
 
16.  Toxicokinetics of the nerve agent (+/-)-VX in anesthetized and atropinized hairless guinea pigs and marmosets after intravenous and percutaneous administration
van der Schans M.J.; Lander B.J.; Wiel H.v.d.; Langenberg J.P.; Benschop H.P.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 15 August 2003, vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 48-62(15)
Elsevier Science
Web Bug
       
 
17.  Pralidoxime Iodide (2-PAM) Penetrates Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
Sakurada K.; Matsubara K.; Shimizu K.; Shiono H.; Seto Y.; Tsuge K.; Yoshino M.; Sakai I.; Mukoyama H.; Takatori T.
Neurochemical Research, September 2003, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1401-1407(7)
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Web Bug
       


Tuesday, Jun 29, 2004

LETTERS - YOUR VOICE


potential hazard - Ban depleted uranium
I have only recently become aware of the depleted uranium weapons that have been used by the United States in the Gulf War, Bosnia, and in much greater numbers in the Iraq War.

Uranium is both radioactive as well as a toxic heavy metal. When the two main isotopes are separated in the enrichment process the enriched uranium is used to make atomic bombs and the left over material is depleted uranium, also known as U-238, which retains 60 percent of its radioactivity, and is used to make smart bombs, bunker busters, artillery shells, and armor for tanks, etc. Enrichment plants also process spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power reactors. For this reason, some DU is known to be contaminated with low levels of some of the most dangerous substances known to science: plutonium, americium-241, U-238, U-239, neptunium-237, and technetium-99.

Radioactive decay is a natural process. Radioactive elements decay and emit particles as they change from one element to another. When DU decays, it emits alpha particles. These particles are like tiny cannon balls and when they come into contact with living cells damage is enormous. The International Agency for Research on Cancer identifies these alpha particles as Group 1 carcinogens, meaning substances known to cause human cancer.

DU is released when the DU projectile penetrates its target and the outer layer catches fire which creates a fine radioactive dust. This dust settles to the earth unless it is picked up and moved by the wind.

This dust creates problems. It does not penetrate our outer layer of skin but if even one alpha particle is breathed into the lungs, the consequences are deadly. The half-life of DU is 4.5 billion years and that, is a very long time.

I recently read the DU Resolution adopted by the Democratic Party here at their convention in Waimea, and at the state convention in Honolulu. This resolution put forth by our Hawaii delegates and others clearly states the full extent of the problem and calls for action and accountability. The focus of this statement is clearly to keep these weapons out of Hawaii.

The heart of our island, the saddle area between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa will soon become home to the Stryker Brigade. Various weapons systems will be exploded during training exercises.

I have heard that the Army pledged at the Kona public meeting not to use DU munitions in Hawaii, however, I did not see this statement quoted in the news story which followed the meeting.

I call upon our elected officials and the United States Army to investigate and answer this question for the public in this column.

Has the Army ever used, are they currently using, or are there any plans to use or explode deleted uranium mutitions on the Island of Hawaii? The public has a right to know.

According to the current federal and state environmental notices from the Office of Environmental Quality Control in Honolulu, we are in the final 30-day waiting period for the final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the Stryker Brigade Transformation which will conclude on July 7.

This is our last opportunity to direct questions and/or written comments regarding the final EIS.

You can direct your concerns to Ms. Cindy Barger,US Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu Engineer district Program and Project Management, Attention CEDOH-PP-E (Barger) Building 230, Room 306, Fort Shafter, Hawaii 96858-5540.

She can be reached by phone at 808-438-4812 or e-mail at SBCT_EIS@poh01.usace.army.mil

Copies of the final EIS are available at the public library.

This expansion of training and facilities, including acquisition of an additional 23,000 acres of land will indeed be a "transformation." Depleted Uranium must never be used here and should not be used anywhere else either.

Ecosystems, environment, and human health must be protected for the future of our island, our children, and the children of the world.

Nancy Redfeather

Gerry Herbert

Honalo


High court upholds death sentences in quadruple murder


Associated Press


Last update: 02 July 2004


TALLAHASSEE -- The state Supreme Court rejected the first appeal by a Gulf War veteran sent to death row for fatally shooting his girlfriend and her three young children in their Panhandle home.In another capital case Thursday, Florida's high court upheld the death sentence given to a man for the murder of a teenager in Land O'Lakes.Jeffrey Hutchinson, 41, was condemned for the murders of three children ranging in age from 4 to 9 and sentenced to life for the murder of their 32-year-old mother, Renee Flaherty.Hutchinson and Flaherty lived with the children near Crestview. On Sept. 11, 1998, Hutchinson called 911 after the shootings and told the operator "I just shot my family."He quickly changed his story and claimed two men wearing ski masks broke into the house and committed the killings.Hutchinson was diagnosed as suffering from Gulf War Syndrome but the trial judge had rejected defense arguments that he was mentally ill and suffered from alcohol intoxication.In Thursday's unsigned opinion, the Supreme Court rejected Hutchinson's argument that there were many "mitigating" factors to justify a death sentence and that they outweighed the few "aggravating" factors."Hutchinson argues that because he has no history of violence and the multiple murders were domestic in nature, the numerous mitigating factors outweigh the limited aggravation," the Supreme Court wrote.The court disagreed, adding it has rejected arguments in other cases that fatal domestic disputes are a special category that don't warrant capital punishment."This case involves the murders of three defenseless children, all age 9 and under, as well as the murder of their mother," the court wrote.The factors that support the death sentences carry more weight than the mitigating factors, the justices added.Justices Charles Wells, R. Fred Lewis and Peggy Quince fully concurred in the majority opinion. Chief Justice Barbara Pariente and Justices Harry Lee Anstead and Raoul Cantero agreed in upholding Hutchinson's convictions and sentences but disagreed on some of the details in the ruling. Justice Kenneth Bell, who was not on the court when the appeal was filed and discussed in oral argument, didn't take part in the decision.In a second capital case, the court unanimously upheld the sentence and conviction of Faunce Pearce, 42, who is on death row for the murder of 17-year-old Robert Crawford.Crawford was fatally shot after a drug deal that went sour in Land O'Lakes in 1999.Another man was also sentenced to death for Crawford's murder but in January the state Supreme Court ordered that Lawrence Smith be resentenced because of a mistake made by the trial judge.Smith shot Crawford and Stephen Tuttle after the two Land O'Lakes high school students took $1,200 to buy LSD for a friend of Smith's but then returned without the drugs or the money. Tuttle survived.

Back to Top

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 

Candidates seek votes of veterans
By PATRICK JACKSON
Dover Bureau reporter
07/29/2004After years of being in the rear echelon of American politics, veterans have found themselves in the front line of this year's electoral battlefield. Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry and President Bush are reaching out to veterans and organizing their own veterans groups to help sell their messages. Pete Keenan of Fenwick Island has already been enlisted in Kerry's campaign. "He's a true blue veteran," said Keenan, who served on the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga during the Vietnam War. "He understands the issues that are important to veterans and is committed to taking care of them." Kerry won the Bronze Star, Silver Star and three Purple Hearts as patrol boat commander in Vietnam, and most of the speeches to delegates at this year's Democratic National Convention have emphasized Kerry's heroism under fire. But Wayne Nelson, a retired Air Force colonel living in Camden, said Kerry's antiwar protests upon his return from Vietnam have turned many veterans against him. "I was still flying missions over there when he did that," Nelson said, adding that he supports Bush because he believes the president is a strong leader. "I could never support someone who did that." While he's still undecided on who will get his vote, Bob Corsa of Millsboro said Kerry's front-line and postwar experience have caused mixed feelings among veterans. "John Kerry served in combat and George Bush was in the National Guard," said Corsa, who was with the Marine Corps in Vietnam and now heads the state Vietnam Veterans of America. "A lot of people came back and protested the war. But when he was called, he served." Although many veterans groups can't actively take part in partisan politics, veteran leaders say Delaware vets are getting involved this year. "I think veterans are seeing that they have a voice and they are getting into politics," said Corbit Goff, the American Legion's Delaware commander. "From our efforts to get a veterans home to the national and state campaigns, we're seeing that if we speak up, the politicians will pay attention." While both presidential candidates are promising increased funding for the Department of Veterans Affairs, improved veterans health care and help for homeless veterans, Kerry and Bush are speaking to a shrinking segment of the population. Since the nation ended the draft and set up an all-volunteer military in the 1970s, the number of veterans has been dwindling. Census data shows that vets now make up about 12 percent of the national population. In Delaware, that number is higher - about 14 percent. However, studies show that more veterans tend to vote than much of the population. University of Virginia political science professor Larry Sabato said the impact of veterans transcend their raw numbers. "To a lot of people, veterans also symbolize the active-duty military, which can't take part in partisan politics," he said. "Besides being an important voting block, they also have an important symbolic value because of that." And for the first time since the 1960s, Sabato said, Democrats have a presidential candidate with a serious shot at winning veteran support or at least making inroads in the Republican's traditional dominance among vets. "They are making a point of John Kerry's status as a war hero and his understanding of veterans issues," Sabato said. "I don't know if it's enough to help him win the veterans' vote, but it will be close this year." While some veterans are firmly in one camp or the other, many veterans, including Corsa, are still listening to what the candidates have to say. Corsa said he wants to hear how Bush and Kerry want to address traditional veterans' issues and how they plan to help veterans who are returning to civilian life from current battlefronts. "We already have a commander-in-chief, the president of the United States, and we can look at his record and see what he has delivered," he said. "If he's done a good job, we'll bring him back. If he hasn't, we'll look at someone else." Reach Patrick Jackson at 678-4274 or pjackson@delawareonline.com.

Edwards on the attack: VP nominee blasts Bush over veterans' health care
By Andrew Miga and David R. Guarino
Wednesday, July 28, 2004John Edwards, staking out aggressive new ground on war and defense, ripped
President Bush [related, bio] tonight for turning his back on America's stricken veterans.

     ``Men and women who used to take care of themselves, they now count on others to see them through the day,'' Edwards told a packed FleetCenter crowd. ``They need their mother to tie their shoe, their husband to brush their hair.''

     The Democratic vice presidential nominee lashed Bush for lacking the compassion to care for fallen veterans - showcasing a combative tone on the eve of Sen. John F. Kerry's formal acceptance of the Democratic presidential nomination.

     ``The word hero was made for them,'' Edwards said. ``And they deserve a president who understands that on the most personal level what they have gone through - what they have given and given up for their country.''

     Eager to prove to voters he's more than just a pretty face, Edwards devoted most of his prime-time acceptance address praising Kerry's war combat record and seeking to reassure skeptical voters he's ready to take over as chief executive.

     But his address was heavily laden with bursts of optimism, offering to strained workers and cash-strapped parents that ``hope is on the way.''

     ``In the weeks ahead, we know what's coming, don't we? More negative attacks,'' Edwards said. ``Aren't you sick of it?''

     Edwards' boyish good looks and all-American family have captivated many voters, but Democratic strategists realize the freshman North Carolina senator must prove he can be a strong leader able to stand up to the terrorist threat.

     In his first nationally televised speech, Edwards, 51, a multimillionare trial lawyer, praised Kerry's Vietnam War combat heroics and the veterans who are fighting today in Iraq and Afghanistan.

     Democrats are seeking to blunt Bush's advantage on national security issues, making it the core theme of their four-day convention. Strength is the convention's watchword for Democrats. Images of Kerry, who arrived in Boston flanked by his Navy crewmates, during his combat days as a young man dominate the gathering.

     Polls show Americans trust Bush more than Kerry in safeguarding the country. Those same voters are sharply divided over Bush's handling of the Iraq war - a split the Democrats hope to exploit.

     ``Decisive, strong,'' Edwards enthused. ``Aren't those the traits you want in a commander-in-chief?''

     Echoing another, more muted, convention theme, Edwards also took a broad swipe at his GOP foes.

     ``The Republicans are doing all they can to take this campaign for the highest office in the land down the lowest possible road,'' the senator complained.

     A few weeks ago, Bush pointedly suggested that Edwards lacked the qualifications to be president, saying that his own running mate, Vice President Dick Cheney, was well-prepared to become commander-in-chief.

     Kerry's selection of Edwards, a dynamic speaker whose Southern working-class roots help him connect with voters in economically strapped swing states such as Ohio, has energized the Democratic ticket.

VETERANS

In Battle of Patriotic Symbols, Veterans Muster in Kerry Camp

By DAVID M. HALBFINGER


Published: July 27, 2004

OSTON, July 26 - They rolled in on wheelchairs or hobbled on canes, wore one-sleeved shirts or breathed through tubes, decked themselves out in biker vests or American Legion hats. Hundreds of military veterans - many bearing the physical and emotional scars of the Vietnam War - mustered here on Monday to enlist as John Kerry's shock troops in a campaign to win the hearts and minds of independent voters and nullify Republicans' traditional advantage on issues of national security.Before them, beneath a mammoth American flag, sat the crewmates who served under the young Lieutenant Kerry as he skippered their Swift boats through the treacherous Mekong Delta. There was Jim Rassmann, the Green Beret whom Mr. Kerry pulled from the water under enemy fire. And there was Max Cleland, the triple amputee and former Democratic senator from Georgia whose defeat in 2002 - by an opponent who ran commercials linking him to Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden - has become a rallying point for Democrats determined not to let Republicans who avoided combat bludgeon them with patriotic symbols.
Advertisement



"That flag is our flag," declared Gen. Wesley K. Clark, another combat-wounded Vietnam veteran and now retired, as those who could stand jumped to their feet and those who could not just hollered. "We served under that flag. We've seen men die for that flag. And no John Ashcroft or Tom DeLay or Dick Cheney is going to take that flag away from us."A party known more for protesting peaceniks than for flag-waving warriors, the Democrats are putting military veterans front and center throughout their convention. They are allowing Mr. Kerry to brandish his combat experience to bolster his credentials as a would-be commander in chief in a time of war, when voters' natural impulse is to keep the incumbent in office. And they using it to answer Republican accusations that he is too soft on defense, too vacillating for a country needing decisive leadership.To be sure, veterans are hardly united behind Mr. Kerry, who antagonized many active soldiers and veterans of earlier conflicts with his searing antiwar testimony in 1971, and who remains a symbol of the chasm that the Vietnam War opened up in American society. For many veterans, their fury is still fresh at the fellow combatant who gained fame by saying he, and they, had been guilty of "atrocities" in Vietnam.So it was all the more striking, organizers said, that more than 1,000 people turned out on Monday for the first-ever Democratic veterans caucus. More than 500 veterans are among the convention delegates.Members of his Vietnam Swift boat crew are giving prime-time speeches and speaking at countless off-camera functions all week. One, the Rev. David Alston of Columbia, S.C. , told the convention Monday night that Mr. Kerry was a man of courage and conviction who never lost his cool. The veteran-lionizing culminates on Thursday with addresses by Mr. Rassmann and Mr. Cleland, who is to introduce Mr. Kerry as the party's nominee.Democratic officials said that they had even tried to find an old Navy Swift boat they could ship to the convention hall to use as a backdrop, but that the idea proved too expensive.There is plenty of martial imagery on display, however, and it serves many purposes, Democrats say, not least by letting them retell the story of Mr. Kerry's early life, when he was decorated for valor in Vietnam and then returned home to help lead the opposition to the war.Indeed, Mr. Kerry has used his war record - and the fellow veterans who bear witness to it - to answer nearly every conceivable attack. Weak on national security? He trots out his three Purple Hearts. A flip-flopper? He runs commercials featuring Del Sandusky, a former crewmate, saying Mr. Kerry's decisiveness under fire "saved our lives." His combat duty also gives Democrats their most potent line of personal attack at Mr. Bush - one that veterans feel free to press here, despite Mr. Kerry's professed desire that the conventioneers stick to more positive themes .But perhaps the most important function that veterans are serving is in testifying to what they call Mr. Kerry's bravery, his character and even his oft-questioned personal warmth."He's not aloof and standoffish," Jim Wasser of Kankakee, Ill., another former crewman on Mr. Kerry's boat, assured the delegates at the caucus. "He's a caring, compassionate, courageous, man's man."Veterans have helped Mr. Kerry again and again in his political career, but it was in 1984 that they first melded into an effective political brigade on his behalf

Posted on Wed, Jul. 28, 2004

 

Bunning promises to seek quality health care for veterans

 


BRUCE SCHREINER

Web Bug
Associated Press
Web Bug

LOUISVILLE, Ky. - U.S. Sen. Jim Bunning promised Wednesday to push for the best health care available for veterans during a visit to a Veterans Affairs hospital with the Senate's top leader.Bunning was accompanied by Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, a heart surgeon who reminisced about performing operations at VA hospitals.Bunning, a Republican who is seeking a second term this fall, said he would use his assignment to the Veterans Affairs Committee to "make sure that the best care is available for our veterans.""We've been working very hard to make sure that the facility here and all other veterans' facilities have the equipment and the dollars that are needed for their progress," Bunning said at a brief news conference.Bunning is being challenged by Democratic state Sen. Daniel Mongiardo, a surgeon from Hazard.Frist, R-Tenn., said he was impressed by the VA hospital's use of electronic technology. One feature is bar coding of medicines."It gives the very best service to our veterans," he said. "It's the heart and soul of where we're going in health care in the future - right here already existing."Mongiardo also has advocated incorporating electronic technology to cut costs and improve health care.The Louisville hospital treated about 38,000 patients last year, officials said. The Louisville hospital serves a 35-county area in Kentucky and Indiana that has 154,000 veterans, VA officials said. The state's other VA hospital is in Lexington.A study on whether to build a new VA hospital in Louisville is expected to be completed by year's end. The study will include the estimated cost and will look at possible sites for a new hospital.Les Beavers, commissioner of the state Department of Veterans Affairs, said he thinks the case has been made for a new hospital, partly because of high demand for services among the area's veterans.Bunning is pushing legislation to allow the state to buy or lease the current hospital and use it as a nursing home if a new hospital is built.Mongiardo said that Bunning and Frist "say the right things in Kentucky but vote the wrong way in Washington."In a statement, Mongiardo said the proposed 2005 federal budget will leave veterans' programs at least $2.6 billion under budget, including a $46.2 million shortfall for veterans' health care in Kentucky."The crisis in veterans' health care is indicative of a broader failure by the politicians in Washington when it comes to health care," Mongiardo said.Meanwhile, Frist had little to say about the messages offered by Democrats at their national convention this week in Boston. He said Republicans will offer their vision at their convention later this summer.After the VA hospital tour, Frist spoke at a fund-raiser for Bunning.
Courting the veterans vote
by Bob Collins, Minnesota Public Radio
July 27, 2004


Very few delegates to the Boston convention, and fewer than 100 veterans, showed up at the rally to honor veterans at Boston's Bunker Hill monument. (MPR Photo/Bob Collins)

Delegates to the Democratic National Convention in Boston are hearing an emphasis on Sen. John Kerry's war record. Convention organizers are hoping to portray Kerry as someone strong on defense. But it may be a tough sell among at least one group of voters -- veterans.

Boston, Mass. — Large photographs throughout the convention hall display Vietnam images with John Kerry in fatigues, on his gunboat, surrounded by his so-called Band of Brothers. But Kerry also headed Vietnam Veterans Against the War, a fact Republicans are only too happy to use to paint Kerry as "soft" on defense.Longtime Democratic pollster Peter Hart acknowledges it's a challenge for Democrats to appeal to veterans. "The active military person is usually more likely to be a Republican, certainly with the officers," says Hart.

Kerry's Band of Brothers

Tuesday's plan to salute veterans got off to a rocky start. Beneath dozens of flags and towered over by the Bunker Hill monument in Boston, the Democrats hoped to stage a rally that would show them as a party committed to -- and supported by -- veterans.But peel away the speakers, the senators and House members and reporters, and fewer than 100 attended out of a convention of 6,000 delegates. That's indicative of how hard it will be for the Democrats to convince voters they are the party heavily supported by veterans.Pollster Hart says it's worth the effort."I think if Sen. Kerry can get over 50 percent of that vote, it's going to be a good sign for Democrats, because what it's going to say is, 'This person is strong enough to be able to lead.' These people care about the strength and direction of the nation," says Hart.But according to a CBS poll last month, Kerry is nowhere near getting 50 percent of the veteran vote. President Bush leads Kerry among veterans, 54 percent to 40 percent.

Pollster Peter Hart

In their opening salvos Monday night, Democrats focused more on promoting Kerry than savaging Bush. One exception was former President Jimmy Carter, who questioned how much time the president spent with the Texas National Guard during the Vietnam War.And that's fertile ground for veterans like Jim Bootz of Chaska, who thinks this time, it should be the Republican whose wartime service is questioned."We haven't heard anything about George Bush's crewmates. I don't know if there were any," says Bootz. "We haven't heard anybody coming forward saying, 'Oh, yeah, I remember serving with him,' or speaking out -- his heroics or anything."A squad of Republican politicians arrived in Boston on Tuesday to respond to the Democrats. They included Minnesota Sen. Norm Coleman, who criticized John Kerry's votes on Iraq."He's had seven different positions in a short period of time. Funding the $87 billion on body armor for our troops. In the end people aren't dumb, they're smart. They're going to focus on the record," Coleman says. "They're going to decide whether he has the strength and consistency to do what Joe Lieberman said, to make the tough decisions in the fight against terrorism."

Wesley Clark

The mention of Iraq has been relatively scarce in Democratic speeches so far. Officials have eliminated references to it being a mistake. But a sizeable Democratic base believes it was, and Kerry forces face a challenge marrying the so-called peace element of the party with the veterans, who polls show support the decision to go to war.Enter former Democratic presidential candidate Gen. Wesley Clark, who answered, "Who linked support for the war as a patriotic requirement?" by invoking the soldiers who stood against the British on Bunker Hill."They fought for freedom. They fought for the right to assemble, to dissent, to speak out, to give their views," Clark says. "And in a time of war, it is the highest form of patriotism to speak out and give those views across this country."But as delegates streamed into Boston FleetCenter for the second night of their convention, it's Vietnam -- not Iraq -- that campaign officials want to discuss, largely -- it would appear -- with the occasional subtle jab of what Bush was doing while Kerry was serving. To underscore the atmosphere of the '60s, the folk group Peter, Paul and Mary perform Tuesday night.

 

Signatures Gathered For Veterans License Plates

 

POSTED: 9:31 am PDT July 28, 2004
The state Department of Veterans Affairs is collecting signatures on a petition to the Legislature, asking for special license plates for veterans.Web Bug
Web Bug More Info

WA State Department Of Veterans Affairs

Signature Sheet Web Bug
Web Bug


Only 2000 signatures of support are needed to present the request to the 2005 Legislature.
The plates would carry the emblems of each branch of the military.The proceeds would help pay for services to homeless veterans, memorials and possibly the maintenance of a future state veterans' cemetery.Copyright 2004 by KIROTV.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Seattle
Nation/World Web Bug
Posted on Wed, Jul. 28, 2004
Veterans gain prominence in party
DEMOCRATS SPOTLIGHT MILITARY SERVICE, KERRY'S COMBAT ROLE


By Jim Puzzanghera
Web Bug
Mercury News Washington Bureau
Web Bug

BOSTON - With Iraq a major campaign issue and presumptive presidential nominee John Kerry a decorated Vietnam War hero, veterans are enjoying newfound cachet at the Democratic National Convention.More than 500 are here as delegates, a record for a party known more for peaceniks than paratroopers. The attention being showered on veterans also provides a powerful political image -- a reminder of Kerry's own combat service and a sharp contrast to President Bush, who opted to serve in the National Guard during Vietnam.They have been feted in hotel ballrooms and in an elaborate ceremony Tuesday at the base of the Bunker Hill Monument. Kerry's Navy crew mates from Vietnam have received prime-time speaking roles and will join him for a boat ride across Boston Harbor when he arrives today.Anyone with a military background is making sure to tout it, from Hollywood lobbyist Jack Valenti (a World War II fighter pilot) to Democratic strategist James Carville (a former Marine corporal).``We're all a member of John Kerry's `Band of Brothers,' '' former NATO Supreme Allied Commander Wesley Clark told about 1,600 veterans and their families at a standing-room-only reception Monday. ``He's the man we want as commander in chief. We're veterans. We know what it takes.''The Kerry campaign is hoping his Vietnam war record and focus on veterans health care and benefits will make inroads into what has traditionally been perceived as a Republican voting bloc.It also could be a productive image for Kerry as he tries to undercut what polls have shown is Bush's biggest strength, his perception as a strong leader, said John Mueller, a political-science professor at Ohio State University, who has studied wartime presidents.``They'd love to get votes from anybody, obviously, but it's more a matter of doing the tough thing and showing he's a hero,'' Mueller said.Contrast to BushVeterans at the convention like Kathleen Morgan, 43, of Palmdale said Kerry's war background sets him apart from Bush in a time of terrorist threats.``He knows what it's all about,'' said Morgan, who served in the Persian Gulf War and recently retired after 23 years in the Air Force. ``I think he's less likely to jump on the bandwagon to send us off to defend something that's not worth doing.''Opposition to the war in Iraq is a major factor behind the support of many veterans. And although Kerry voted in the Senate to authorize the war in Iraq, his opposition to how it has been conducted has drawn support from veterans who opposed the war from the start.``We went in for the wrong reasons,'' said Chalk Norton, 54, a firefighter and Vietnam veteran from Shawnee, Okla. ``We need to get our people home. I don't think Bush has got the plan.''There are about 26.5 million veterans nationwide, and they could make a difference in competitive states in November.``We're looking to bring in veterans in large, substantial numbers, and I think we can do it,'' said John Hurley, Kerry's national veterans coordinator. ``It's certainly not just an image thing.''Support from veterans, drummed up by some of Kerry's Vietnam crew mates like Del Sandusky of Clearwater, Fla., helped resuscitate the Massachusetts senator's primary campaign last winter.``Based on what we did in Iowa and New Hampshire, I think we're going to make a difference,'' said Sandusky. ``A vet will communicate faster with another vet. Bush can't compete with that . . . he doesn't have a veterans support group like we can gather.''Bush camp's letterStill, the Bush campaign released a public letter to veterans from 24 Medal of Honor recipients Tuesday who charge Kerry with making false accusations that Bush has cut veterans benefits, and slamming him for voting against the $87 billion appropriation in 2003 to fund troops in Iraq. Kerry said he supported an alternative version of the funding that included more accountability.``We are disturbed that John Kerry would try to scare veterans with his false accusations, and we are disappointed in his lack of support for today's troops,'' wrote the medal winners, who urged veterans to support Bush.Hurley dismissed the criticism and noted that the Bush campaign released a letter earlier this year with the support of 49 Medal of Honor recipients. He asked, ``What happened to the other 25?''Former Sen. Max Cleland, D-Ga., who lost three limbs while serving in Vietnam, said veterans are moving to Kerry because he has supported their causes.``Vets are Republican. They tend to be oriented toward the military, toward patriotism, and in so many ways, the Democratic Party has neglected that side of itself,'' said Cleland, who will formally introduce Kerry at the convention Thursday, another sign of the party's embrace of veterans this week. ``But now you have the real deal. You have a real American hero.''Contact Jim Puzzanghera at jpuzzanghera@krwashington. com or (202) 383-6043.

Published Wednesday
July 28, 2004More tap into veterans' aidBY MARTHA STODDARD  


WORLD-HERALD BUREAU
LINCOLN - Aid given to Nebraska veterans has exceeded income from the Nebraska Veterans Aid trust fund for eight years - at a time eligibility requirements were eased. A 1997 state law expanded benefits to peacetime veterans, largely covering those in active military service during the Cold War years. The law also eliminated a five-year residency requirement for veterans seeking assistance. State Veterans Affairs Director John Hilgert said Tuesday that he introduced the law and still supports the expanded eligibility. Veterans who served after 1990, including the current Iraq war, are considered wartime. Peacetime veterans accounted for about 20 percent of those seeking assistance during the fiscal year ending June 30, according to state figures. That was up from about 17 percent in 2002-03. "I certainly will not be making a recommendation to anyone that we change that law," Hilgert said. As for new limits on veterans who received general rather than honorable discharges, Hilgert said he stands with Gov. Mike Johanns, who has asked veterans affairs officers to hold, rather than deny, applications from those veterans while the Legislature studies the situation. Johanns also says any legislation providing benefits for veterans with general discharges should be made retroactive. The Legislature's Government, Military and Veterans Affairs Committee will hold hearings on the issue Oct. 8 in McCook and Oct. 27 in Omaha. Testimony to the Veterans Affairs Advisory Commission on Tuesday indicated a split among veterans about giving benefits to those with general discharges. Joe Ballweg, veterans service officer from Adams County, said veterans he talked with believe it was right to ask for the attorney general's opinion on whether veterans with general discharges were eligible. The veterans commission sought the opinion because of shortfalls in money available for aid. The state trust fund can help veterans with certain emergency expenses, medical needs and funerals. Ballweg said veterans believe the attorney general was correct in concluding that a general discharge should not be treated as the equivalent of an honorable discharge. Many veterans are concerned that providing benefits for those with general discharges would diminish the value of their honorable discharges, said John Hurst, veterans service officer from Cass County. "There is no lack of due process if that person wants to challenge a general discharge," Hurst said. But Jim Cada, a Lincoln attorney and Vietnam War veteran, said there are many reasons people got general discharges, some significant and some not. He suggested changing state law to provide benefits to those veterans, as has been done for the past 60 years or so, along with adding money to the trust fund so it would produce sufficient income to meet the needs. The fund is worth $29.6 million. It yielded income of nearly $908,000 in the fiscal year just ended, but the state provided more than $957,000 in benefits. Contact the Omaha World-Herald

Veterans losing access to promised level of quality health care Australia

28 Jul 2004
Veterans losing access to promised level of quality health care Australia

28 Jul 2004





AMA (Australian Medical Association) PollAn AMA doctors’ poll shows that Australia’s war veterans will find it harder to access the high level of quality medical care promised to them by the Government unless urgent funding is provided to the Local Medical Officer (LMO) Scheme.

An AMA survey of 335 doctors who participate in the LMO Scheme indicates that 60 per cent of GPs are on the verge of withdrawing from the Scheme if the Government fails to increase funding.

Managed by the Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA), the LMO Scheme provides veterans with free medical care and treatment. Participating GPs bulk bill the DVA the cost of providing the high quality service, but Medicare Plus incentives for bulk billing have eroded the value of an LMO consultation.

AMA President, Dr Bill Glasson, said today that the LMO Scheme promises veterans the same level of access and standards of health care as a private patient, but the Government is failing to provide the funding to deliver on their stated commitment to the care of our war veterans.

“Our veterans are getting older and their health needs are becoming more complex, but the LMO fee does not reflect the fact that that our veterans have serious and sometimes multiple ailments that require special care and much longer GP consultations,” Dr Glasson said.

“There are currently 298,607 veterans eligible for care under DVA programs – with more than 150,000 of these veterans aged 70 and over.

“These veterans made the ultimate sacrifice for their country and their fellow Australians, but are now being short-changed on the level of health care promised them in their retirement years because their Gold Cards no longer offer them the benefits to which they are entitled.

“The Government must do the right thing by our veterans and fund the LMO Scheme appropriately. If not, GPs will reluctantly opt out of the Scheme and ready access to promised high quality medical services and care will be denied our veterans,” Dr Glasson said.

Of the GPs polled, 86 per cent said veterans have more complex treatment needs than other patients, while 81 per cent said their DVA patients required considerably more paperwork and red tape, cutting into available time for other patients.

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare report, Australia’s Health 2004, states:

“...49 per cent of veterans with a DVA health care entitlement card rated their health as either fair or poor, compared with about 33 per cent of males of equivalent age in the general community...veterans report poorer health and more health problems than people of the same age in the general community, and war widows and widowers.”

Australian Medical Association
Neugebauer, Principi will visit hospital

Odessa AmericanU.S. Rep. Randy Neugebauer, R-Lubbock, and Department of Veterans Affairs Secretary Anthony Principi will visit the Big Spring VA hospital Aug. 24.
Veterans forums have also been scheduled that day in Big Spring an

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Low Level Radiation Campaign response to
SCIENCE OR SCIENCE FICTION?
Facts, Myths and Propaganda In the Debate Over Depleted Uranium Weapons

Dan Fahey; March 12, 2003

(Fahey's paper can be read at: http://www.antenna.nl/wise/uranium/pdf/dumyths.pdf)

 

13th March 2003

The Low Level Radiation Campaign's web site www.llrc.org contains three reports which falsify Dan Fahey's assertion (his page 11) that there are no credible studies linking exposure to DU with any cancers or illnesses among people in Iraq, the Balkans ....etc.

Health Risks following Exposure to Aerosols produced by the use of Depleted Uranium Weapons Presentation by Dr. Chris Busby to Public conference on DU Prague, 24 and 25th Nov. 2001 (a pdf file downloadable from this site) gives data from the Sarajevo Cancer Registry showing that rates (not crude numbers) of many cancers increased dramatically after the conflict.

The effects of DU - lymphoma incidence in Italian troops returned from peacekeeping duty in Bosnia (as a pdf file downloadable from this site) is about research by the Italian army showing a 7.9-fold excess of lymphoma in this population.

Radioactive Times Vol. 4 no 2. has a story entitled Desert Storm. This has cancer registry data which show major anomalies in rates of childhood leukaemia in areas where DU was used.

Overall Dan Fahey's report falls into the trap of overlooking the novel and uniquely man- made type of exposure resulting from the aerosolisation of DU, the extreme mobility of the resulting dust and its ability to be resuspended, and the underestimation of hazard from chronic doses to lymph tissue following inhalation of the dust.


Here is correspondence between LLRC, Dan Fahey and Dr Chris Busby, author of the Prague paper and the report on Italian peacekeepers cited above.

Dan Fahey's reply 13th March 2003:

Rather than refute my report, the studies you cite support my contention that the claims about DU are not backed up by evidence.

Overall, the reports you cite do not prove that people who were actually exposed to DU developed the observed effects.

You claim Busby's paper refutes my report, but Busby simply suggests DU is responsible for cancers in Sarajevo because "Sarajevo is close to the town where Nic Priest took urine samples and found DU contamination in people," (p. 14 of the report on the LLRC site). We don't even know if the people who developed cancer were exposed to DU. How exactly does this refute my report?

There is no evidence the Italian soldiers were exposed to DU, and it is not sufficient to say DU is the cause of their lymphomas simply because the veterans were in a geographic region where DU was used. We should be asking what else they might have been exposed to, and to evaluate DU in that light so that we can identify and correct any environmental hazards that might be causing the observed effects.

Similarly, the rates of childhood leukemias cannot be blamed on DU simply because the children live in a geographic region where DU was used. It might be reasonable to suggest, after rigorous analysis, that DU could possibly be causing some of the effects, but it is inaccurate to simply blame DU because it is known or supsected DU was used in certain areas without some kind of study showing the children were actually exposed, or at the least very likely to have been exposed to DU.

If you look at my recommendations, I call for population studies to be conducted so that we can understand if DU is a causative or contributing factor in the observed effects.

Rather than "falsify" my claims, the studies you cite actually support my report and its conclusions, and I thank you for bringing this to the attention of a larger audience.

Sincerely,
Dan Fahey

Chris Busby replies to Dan Fahey (14th March 2003):

In epidemiology, it is very seldom that we can obtain a result that proves causation beyond doubt. So under these circumstances, we have to see the argument more from the point of a courtroom, where the weight of total evidence ius weighed and the finding of guilty is on the balance of probability. There is also the point of mechanism and plausibility. We use induction. What to the cancer and infant effects in these areas have in common? What kind of cause could there be that makes these effects occur? If we are looking at cancer and infant effects we are looking at genetic damage. Yhen we want to find a mutagen or carcinogen. What mutagen or carcinogen ties all the increses in cancer together? Radiation and micron particles. This brings in Sellafield and Chernobyl. And so forth. The jury then decides. Of course, if the jury are paid by the people who make the DU and use it then they start asking the kinds of questions that Dan is asking, and there is business as usual.

Best wishes
Chris

Richard Bramhall's email (14th March 2003) to Davey Garland re Dan Fahey's reply (above):

--------------- reply ----------------

Dear Davey

Yes, Fahey sent it to us as well. Please feel free circulate this response.

His argument is silly. We meet it frequently when discussing evidence with people who are embedded in the conventional view of radiation risk. It's a reductionist and essentially anti-scientific technique; it consists of taking one or two (or, in this case, three) bits of the evidence and saying that each on its own proves nothing. The papers on the LLRC site (www.llrc.org) contain an entire argument demonstrating that the theoretical basis of the ICRP model is fatally flawed. Much evidence of disease in populations exposed to radioactive pollution (not only DU) supports our case empirically; the sharp increase in infant leukaemia reported from several countries after Chernobyl is an irrefutable example, defining an error in the ICRP risk factor of some hundred fold.

The British Government has established a scientific advisory committee to decide whether the ICRP model is valid for internal radionuclides (see www.cerrie.org.

The European Committee on Radiation Risk has recently published its 2003 Recommendations (see www.euradcom.org for details). The Committee has developed weighting factors for various types of exposure which ICRP treats simply on an averaged dose model. The ECRR factors include a "Biophysical Hazard Factor (Wj)" to allow, among other types of exposure, for the effectiveness of chronic local doses to the small volumes of body tissue which surround incorporated hot or warm particles - insoluble DU oxides, for example. The Factor Wj for internal insoluble particulates is given as between 20 and 1000 depending on activity, particle size and dose (noting that Tamplin and Cochran in 1974 calculated an enhancement of dose for Plutonium oxide hot particles as high as 115,000). As I understand it the word "enhancement" means "conferring a greater hazard than the same dose averaged over a mass of tissue in the order of 1 kilogram" (the usual ICRP fudge)

We agree with Fahey's recommendation for research in exposed populations but he is saying that no such research has yet been done, and that is patently wrong. We are not impressed by his assertion that "We don't even know if the people who developed cancer were exposed to DU" - the point is that the DU dust is highly mobile and could be found all over the conflict regions if appropriate techniques were used. We have not been back to the Balkans recently but for all we know DU is still being resuspended. In discussions at the UK MoD's DU Oversight Board it has been said that one problem in researching DU is the difficulty of finding uncontaminated controls. This may explain why the cameraman tested positive in Nick Priest's study for BBC Scotland.

Fahey's sentence: "We should be asking what else they might have been exposed to, and to evaluate DU in that light so that we can identify and correct any environmental hazards that might be causing the observed effects" is confused and redundant - a recipe for fudge and delay.

After 1991 we heard a lot about other mutagens in Iraq and the great significance of the findings from the Balkans is that the common factor was DU. The great significance of the findings of the Italian Army is that there is a good baseline for generating an expected number of lymphomas; this is in contrast to the nightmarish difficulties of doing epidemiology in a war zone.

In conclusion, there is now plenty of information to indicate that DU weapons are contrary to international law, on account of their indiscriminate effects [see footnote].

Yours sincerely
Richard Bramhall
Low Level Radiation Campaign
bramhall@llrc.org

Dan Fahey's reply to Richard Bramhall (14th March 2003):

Richard,

You still don't answer the assertion made in my report, which is that there are no studies linking DU to observed effects. You are making a fatal flaw if you do not think it is necessary to have evidence that the Italian soldiers - or others - were even potentially exposed to DU before suggesting that their lymphomas are related to DU. Yes DU is mobile, but so are many other chemicals and heavy metals. The reports on your web site do not provide any information about the soldiers, or the children, only speculation that their problems resulted from DU because DU was used, as if the Balkans were a pristine environment devoid of any pollution prior to the introduction of DU. And you are missing an important point: the DU rounds hit few to no hard targets, thus minimizing the creation of DU dust. This is actually good news for people who want to ban DU because it tears away the military position that DU rounds are indispensible. Unfortunately people are too focused on making unsupported claims and playing into the military's hands by talking about how great DU is rather than building a solid argument based on available information and research.

In my opinion, you are harming the DU issue by providing the public and policy makers with an inaccurate and highly speculative assessment of the actual (and potential) effects of DU. Your message [above] does not address any of the key points in my paper. I accept the hazards of DU, but I do not accept claims made about those hazards and their effects that are unsupported by evidence and in many cases, not even plausible.

Sincerely,
Dan Fahey

and Dan Fahey's reply to Chris Busby:

Chris,

You confuse law with science. I have a greater background in law than science, but my understanding - and please correct me if I am wrong - is that in science you start with a hypothesis, and then you test that hypothesis until you have a result. You start with the fact people have developed health problems, but your analysis fails to test the reasons why - you simply assume DU must be the culprit because it is biologically plausible that DU could cause those effects. As I said in my previous email, we do not know what other toxins these people might have been exposed to, so I ask you, as a scientist, how can you attribute these effects to DU if you do not even know if these people were exposed to DU? Is that credible scientific analysis? Not in my opinion.

In a court, you would at the very least have to show some link between cause and effect. In this case, you have evidence of effect, but no evidence of cause - speculation won't get you far in a court, I'm afraid.

As with LLRC, you are actually making my case stronger by making the weaknesses of your argument even more apparent, and I thank you for that.

Sincerely,
Dan Fahey

and Chris Busby replies to Dan Fahey:

>From: Dr Chris Busby
>To: Richard Bramhall
>CC: davey garland , Daniel Fahey
>
>Subject: Re: [DU Information List] Dan Fahey article on "Science or Science
>Fiction
>Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 12:03:44 -0000 > >

Actually, you have the wrong idea about Science. Read Bruno Latour, Science in Action, Harvard 1987. The hypothesis testing is OK with Newton's Laws but gets more complex in areas of biology and stochastic risk. Apart from that it's a case of 'You can't wake up someone who is pretending to be asleep'.

Cheers
Chris
ps Get hold of the ECRR2003 recommendations (see www.euradcom.org) where all this is explained.

Dan Fahey's reply to Chris Busby:

Chris,

I'm wide awake, which is why I can see that your reports lack convincing evidence between cause and effect to support your conclusions. There's no doubt DU is harmful, but considerable doubt about who has actually been exposed to it. You and others have constructed a house of cards on DU - building one speculation on top of another - that can not stand up to even the cursory scrutiny I have put it under, as is becoming clear to the many people who are thanking me for writing this report.

Sincerely,
Dan Fahey

Richard Bramhall comments (15th March 2003):

This debate has got to the stage where Dan is repeating arguments - specifically the "cursory examination" one which I answered earlier - and I don't see any point in going on with it.

Richard Bramhall
Low Level Radiation Campaign
bramhall@llrc.org

There has been no further correspondence.


Anti-DU activist Professor Doug Rokke has spoken out recently on legality of DU. In comments reported in the Scottish Sunday Herald and the UK's Independent he describes the use of DU weapons as "illegal". See http://truthout.org/docs_03/040103F.shtml and http://www.rediff.com/us/2003/mar/31iraq3.htm
Rokke is a veteran of the first Gulf War. Most of the men who worked with him on decontaminating equipment have died and he himself suffers from DU induced illness.
We at LLRC said in 1999 that use of DU in munitions contravenes Article 3 of the UN CONVENTION ON PROHIBITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF CERTAIN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS WHICH MAY BE DEEMED TO BE EXCESSIVELY INJURIOUS OR TO HAVE INDISCRIMINATE EFFECTS AND PROTOCOLS (1980) Click here.


If you are seeing this page full screen (i.e. without a navigation bar on the left) you can't see how the rest of the site is organised.

This Home page link takes you to the index page, which has links to all the topics we discuss on the site [only use it if this page is full screen]
Use the Depleted Uranium button to see what else we have to say on this topic.

 


Send email to: SiteManager@llrc.org with questions or comments about this web site.



Back to Top





















































































































































































































 

 

 

 


Web Bug


 



Web Bug


 












Web Bug